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^  \\ 3D PRINTING AND DESIGN REFERENCE DOCUMENT\\ \\   ^^
^  Document Title:|Create SVG files using Python|
^  Document No.:|1729077206|
^  Author(s):|jattie|
^  Contributor(s):|[[https://www.printables.com/@yba2cuo3_12119|yba2cuo3]]  |



**REVISION HISTORY**
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^  \\  Revision\\  \\  ^\\ Details of Modification(s)^\\ Reason for modification^  \\ Date  ^  \\ By  ^
|  [[:doku.php?id=03_designing_for_3d_printing:02_design_with_svg&do=revisions|0]]  |Draft release|How to exploit the power of SVG's in 3D designs.|  2024/10/16 11:13  |  jattie  |


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====== Design generating SVG's with Python ======


SVG's(Scalable Vector Graphics) are very powerful in designs because of the scalability. Any existing logo or image can be converted to a .svg and as I recently discovered during a conversation with [[https://www.printables.com/@yba2cuo3_12119|@yba2cuo3]] on printables, there are very cool svg libraries available in python to exploit and generate sophisticated and intricate details for 3D designs. 

This page aims to showcase this use case.
===== Create a SVG using Python code =====

The idea was inspired by the [[https://www.printables.com/model/998688-heliochronometer-worlds-most-accurate-sundial|Heliochronometer project on printables]] and discussions with the designer on the faceplates and dual colour designs. 

The majority of the code was generated in copilot and then adjusting the parameters until to get a similar faceplate dial in the svg as can be seen in the original design. 

<WRAP center round info 60%>

**My initial prompt to copilot was:**\\ 
create python code to generate a 24hour sundial face with roman numerals, hour line, half hour lines, 15 minute and 5 minute lines at varying lengths and produce an svg

</WRAP>

<code python create_sundial_svg.py>
import svgwrite
from math import cos, sin, pi

def create_custom_sundial_face():
    # Create an SVG drawing
    dwg = svgwrite.Drawing('custom_sundial_face.svg', profile='tiny', size=(500, 500))
    
    # Center of the sundial
    center_x = 250
    center_y = 250
    radius = 160
    
    # Draw the outer circle with a decorative border
    dwg.add(dwg.circle(center=(center_x, center_y), r=radius, stroke='black', fill='none', stroke_width=5))
    
    # Function to draw lines
    def draw_line(angle, length, color='black', stroke_width=1):
        x1 = center_x + radius * (1 - length) * cos(angle)
        y1 = center_y + radius * (1 - length) * sin(angle)
        x2 = center_x + radius * cos(angle)
        y2 = center_y + radius * sin(angle)
        dwg.add(dwg.line(start=(x1, y1), end=(x2, y2), stroke=color, stroke_width=stroke_width))
    
    # Function to draw text
    def draw_text(angle, text, radius_offset=10):
        x = center_x + (radius + radius_offset) * cos(angle)
        y = center_y + (radius + radius_offset) * sin(angle) + 0  # Adjust y coordinate for vertical alignment
        rotation_angle = angle * 180 / pi + 90  # Convert radians to degrees and adjust for vertical alignment
        #dwg.add(dwg.text(text, insert=(x, y), text_anchor="middle", font_size="12px", font_family="Roman"))
        dwg.add(dwg.text(text, insert=(x, y), text_anchor="middle", font_size="12px", font_family="Verdana", 
                         font_weight='bold', transform=f"rotate({rotation_angle},{x},{y})"))
    
    # Draw 5-minute lines
    for five_minute in range(288):
        if five_minute % 12 == 0:
            continue
        angle = (five_minute / 288) * 2 * pi - pi / 2
        draw_line(angle, 0.05)#, color='purple')
        
    # Draw 15-minute lines
    for quarter_hour in range(96):
        if quarter_hour % 4 == 0:
            continue
        angle = (quarter_hour / 96) * 2 * pi - pi / 2
        draw_line(angle, 0.08)#, color='red')
        
    # Draw half-hour lines
    for half_hour in range(48):
        if half_hour % 2 == 0:
            continue
        angle = (half_hour / 48) * 2 * pi - pi / 2
        draw_line(angle, 0.10)#, color='green')
        
    # Draw hour lines and Roman numerals with custom colors
    for hour in range(24):
        angle = (hour / 24) * 2 * pi - pi / 2
        draw_line(angle, 0.15, stroke_width=2)#, color='blue')
        roman_numeral = ["XII", "I", "II", "III", "IIII", "V", "VI", "VII", "VIII", "IX", "X", "XI"][hour % 12]
        if hour >= 12:
            roman_numeral #+= " PM"
        else:
            roman_numeral #+= " AM"
        draw_text(angle, roman_numeral)
    
    # Save the SVG file
    dwg.save()

# Create the custom sundial face SVG
create_custom_sundial_face()

print("The custom sundial face SVG has been created and saved as 'custom_sundial_face.svg'.")

</code>

The result of the above code looks like this.

{{ :03_designing_for_3d_printing:custom_sundial_face.svg |}}

<WRAP center round tip 60%>
This is the SVG file, right click this to download directly for use.
</WRAP>

<code python improved_version.py>
import svgwrite
import math

# Create a canvas of 200mm x 200mm
#conda install dwg = svgwrite.Drawing('circle_with_dividers_and_numerals.svg', profile='tiny', size=('200mm', '200mm'))
# Create a canvas of 200mm x 200mm with units set to millimeters
dwg = svgwrite.Drawing('circle_with_dividers_and_numerals.svg', profile='full', size=('200mm', '200mm'), viewBox=('0 0 200 200'))

# Draw a circle in the middle with a diameter of 140mm and 2mm wide
circle_center = (100, 100)
circle_radius = 70
dwg.add(dwg.circle(center=circle_center, r=circle_radius, stroke='black', fill='none', stroke_width=2))

# Function to create equal divider lines around the inner circumference of the circle
def create_divider_lines(dwg, center, radius, num_lines, line_length, line_width):
    angle_step = 360 / num_lines
    center_x, center_y = center
    for i in range(num_lines):
        angle = math.radians(i * angle_step)
        start_x = center_x + (radius - line_width / 2) * math.cos(angle)
        start_y = center_y + (radius - line_width / 2) * math.sin(angle)
        end_x = center_x + (radius - line_width / 2 - line_length) * math.cos(angle)
        end_y = center_y + (radius - line_width / 2 - line_length) * math.sin(angle)
        dwg.add(dwg.line(start=(start_x, start_y), end=(end_x, end_y), stroke='black', stroke_width=line_width))

# Function to add Roman numerals around the outer circumference of the circle
def add_roman_numerals(dwg, center, radius, num_numerals):
    roman_numerals = ["I", "II", "III", "IV", "V", "VI", "VII", "VIII", "IX", "X", "XI", "XII"]
    roman_numerals = roman_numerals*2
    angle_step = 360 / num_numerals
    center_x, center_y = center
    for i in range(num_numerals):
        angle = math.radians(i * angle_step - 90)  # Adjust angle to start from the top
        text_x = center_x + radius * math.cos(angle)
        text_y = center_y + radius * math.sin(angle)
        #dwg.add(dwg.text(roman_numerals[i % len(roman_numerals)], insert=(text_x, text_y + 3), text_anchor="middle", font_size="10pt"))
        rotation_angle = i * angle_step
        dwg.add(dwg.text(roman_numerals[i % 24], insert=(text_x, text_y + 0), text_anchor="middle", font_size="8pt", 
                         transform=f"rotate({rotation_angle} {text_x},{text_y + 0})"))


# Use the function to create 24 divider lines of 18mm long and 1mm wide
create_divider_lines(dwg, circle_center, circle_radius, 24, 10, 0.8)
create_divider_lines(dwg, circle_center, circle_radius, 24*2, 7, 0.8)
create_divider_lines(dwg, circle_center, circle_radius, 24*4, 6, 0.4)
create_divider_lines(dwg, circle_center, circle_radius, 24*12, 4, 0.4)

# Add one set of Roman numerals around the outer circumference of the circle
add_roman_numerals(dwg, circle_center, circle_radius + 3, 24)

# Save the SVG file
dwg.save(pretty=True, indent=2)

print("SVG saved: 'circle_with_dividers_and_numerals.svg'")

</code>

===== How to use the SVG in Fusion360 =====

<WRAP center round todo 60%>
At the moment there is some fusion specific issue encountered importing the python generated SVG. It seems related to scaling and coordinate calculations. I suspect them to also be related to radians.
</WRAP>

{{:03_designing_for_3d_printing:screenshot_2024-10-17_091637.png?nolink|}}